Time flies like an arrow; fruit flies like a banana. Oettinger (1966)
컴퓨터가 자연적인 언어(natural language)를 처리하도록 하는 데에 있어서의 어려움에 대한 초기의 연구에서, Anthony Oettinger는 우리가 예상되는 구조(expected structure)에 기반하여 어떻게 문장을 번역하는지, 그리고 우리가 번역하며 오류를 범했을 때,
Reflect the use of the linguistic system itself
Sociolinguistic Competence
: the knowledge of the sociocultural rules of language and of discourse.
Strategic Competence
: the verbal and nonverbal communication strategies that may be called into action to compensate for breakdowns in communication due to performance variables or due to insufficient competence
(Canale & Swain)
I. Environment Analysis
Introduction
Lately, South Korea's cosmetic companies are actively entering Japanese market. In particular, low-priced brand companies entering are remarkable. Continuing the long-term recession, Japanese consumers find inexpensive cosmetics. Through this period, cosmetics of South Korea draw popular through low price and good quality. Celebrity publicity is also inf
The Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis
The first language system interferes with the second language system.
Structural analysis on the two language would enable teachers to predict the difficulties in acquiring second language.
It is quite common to detect where the speaker is from just by listening to his/her accent.
e.g.) French
Ladies and gentlemen
Ⅰ. 개요
1980년대 이후의 인지심리학 내의 언어심리학에서도 Chomsky 언어학의 개념, 관점, 강조점들의 일부는 계속 살아 있다.
심적 구조와 규칙 및 창조적 생산성의 개념들은 인지심리학에서 언어뿐만 아니라 인지 전반의 특성으로서 수용되고 있다. 언어능력과 수행의 구분도 암묵적으로 인정되고
B. Cattell went further with this view; the traits listed by Allport were further grouped, rated, and then “factor analyzed” by Cattell. In addition, Eysenck believed that there were three dimensions of traits; extroversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism. These theories helped develop a vast amount of research and has lead to the idea that trait can be categorized into five big dimensions. Th
단어는 상대방을 정형화시키고, 위협하며, 모욕을 준다.)
In a highly diverse workforce this is problematic:
-“Garbage” becomes “post-consumer waste materials”
-“Quotas” become “educational equity”
-“Women” become “people of gender”
Such non-standard sanitizing of potentially offensive words can reduce the clarity of messages
The natural order of skills
- The language skills are taught in the order of listening, speaking, reading and writing.
Vocabulary is strictly limited and learned in context
7. Dealing with Errors
- Students are prevent from making errors – errors should be corrected immediately to prevent from the formation of ‘bad habit’
- Students should ‘overlearn’ –
in mental model is based on several different causes:
Variations in the situation that trigger the mental model
Mental models change over time
Different people show different mental models for the same situation
Differences inperformance when interacting with the system
Examples of Empirical Results on Mental Model Measurement
Mental Models of Operation System
Difference Between Men
In most paragraphs, therefore, examples usually come after a more general statement.
Examples often begin with for example, which is one of many expressions used to give examples. Some others are:
Writing Better Sentences Practice
Exercise 1
Read the following paragraphs, A & B. Underline words and phrases that specify examples. Underline the topic sentence.
A.
A he